Spontaneous Sertoli Cell Tumor with Cryptorchism in a Beagle Dog / 한국실험동물학회지

A male one year-old beagle dog with unilateral cryptorchism was presented for investigation of reduced appetite. Abdominal sonography and radiography demonstrated abnormal enlargement of the left testicle in the abdominal cavity. Both the retroperitoneal cryptorchid testicle and the other contralateral testicle were removed surgically. The retroperitoneal cryptorchid testicle was an enlarged, firm and bulging sphere mass. The cut surface revealed a homogeneous white color. The contralateral testicle in the scrotum showed an almost normal appearance. Histopathologically, the retroperitoneal cryptorchid testicle was diagnosed as a Sertoli cell tumor. This report describes a case of Sertoli cell tumor with cryptorchism in a beagle dog.

Diagnosis and management of impalpable testes / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To review the management of impalpable testes. Methods Ninty-eight impalpable testes in 82 patients underwent surigcal exploration and all the cases were studied retrospectively. Results 17 testes were found on ultrasonography and 3 of 4 cases were found on ECT pre-operatively.Ninty-eight testes in 82 patients were explored.Eighty-five testes were found,52 in the inguinal canal,33 in the abdomen.Another 13 testes were absent.Ninty-two(94%) testes were found on inguinal exploration or limited laparotomy when necessary. Conclusions Inguinal exploration,with lower abdominal laparotomy if necessary remains the main form of management.If the testes could not be found still laparoscopy should then be performed.

Relationship of eNOS expression to the germ cell development and apoptosis in the rat cryptorchid / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To study the relationship of epithelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression with the germ cell development and apoptosis in the rat cryptorchid. Methods Germ cell apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated d UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) in the unilateral cryptorchid.Expression of eNOS was detected by immunohistochemical S P method. The dispersion characteristics of expression of eNOS mRNA was investigated by in situ hybridization. Results On the 7th day after the operation,as compared to the control,the number of apoptotic germ cell in the cryptorchid was increased significantly,but its testis weight was decreased predominantly,and expression of eNOS gene was localized to the cytoplasm of Legdig cell,Sertoli cell and germ cell in both testes.On the 40th day,expression of eNOS gene was localized to the cytoplasm of lengthened spermid.On the 3rd day and 7th day,expression of eNOS mRNA had no apparent change in the cryptorchid as compared to the control. Conclusions In adolescence,expression of eNOS regulates secretion of hormone and germ cell development;whereas after adulthood,expression of eNOS is only related to the mature and activity of sperm.Expression of eNOS has no apparent relationship with germ cell apoptosis.

Sexual development in adolescents after surgical treatment for cryptorchidism / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To investigate the sexual development in adolescents after surgical treatment for undescended testes. Methods A total of 166 adolescents underwent surgery for cryptorchidism before age of 10 years.They were divided into 2 groups according to surgical methods,ie,orchiectomy group and orchiopexy group;for the latter,they were subdivided into

Impalpable Testes: An Experience of 97 Surgically Corrected Cases / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: We analyzed our experience of surgically corrected impalpable testes to evaluate our results and to determine the best possible surgical approach for impalpable testes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of 97 boys who had undergone surgery for impalpable testes were reviewed with respect to the age at presentation, localization procedure, surgical approach, testicular location and volume. Minimal follow-up was 6 months. RESULTS: The average age at presentation was 47.7 months. Surgical locations of testes included preperitoneum in 46 testes, intraabdomen in 18 testes and inguinal canal in 1 testis. Fifty-three testes were absent at exploration. Surgical procedures consisted of 59 orchiopexies, 53 excision of blind-ended spermatic vessel and 6 orchiectomies. The average volume of abdominal testes was reduced to 44.0% of contralateral normally descended testicular volume. Compensatory hypertrophies were seen in 45 contralateral testes among 53 unilateral absent testes. The inguinal exploration was successful in defining the location of all the testes in the last 41 consecutive boys. Laparoscopy did not help to avoid surgical exploration. Of 38 impalpable testes at office examination, 18 testes turned out to be palpable when examined under anesthesia while ultrasonography detected 14 testes with 1 false positive finding. Of 51 regular orchiopexies 49 testes showed excellent or acceptable results. Of 8 Fowler-Stephens orchiopexies 3 testes resulted in atrophies. CONCLUSIONS: Most pexed impalpable testes showed successful results in terms of testicular position and growth. However, there were more testicular atrophies in cases whose spermatic vessels were ligated. Inguinal exploration with or without intraperitoneal extension was successful in the management of impalpable testes in this series.

Histologic findings of Cryptorchid Testis according to Age and Location / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A study on the histologic findings of cryptorchid testis according to age and location of testis was performed on 36 patients who were undergone orchiectomy or testicular biopsy among 128 cases of cryptorchidism in the Department of Urology, Chungnam National University Hospital, from January. 1984 to September, 1989. The results were as followings : 1. The age distribution of 128 patients was ranged from 2 to 30 years, and the age group of 6 to 10 years was most commonly seen(37 case, 28.9% ). Bilaterality was 17.2% (22 cases), and the ratio of right to left was 1.7:1. 2. The mean count of spermatogonia per tubule was decreased with aging in the group above the external inguinal ring, but not in the group below the external inguinal ring. 3. The mean tubular diameter of the seminiferous tubule was more increased with aging in the group below the external inguinal ring than in the group above the external inguinal ring, but smaller than normal control. 4. The thickness of basement membrane of the seminiferous tubule was more increased with aging in the group above the external inguinal ring than in the group below the external inguinal ring. 5. The mean tubular fertility index was decreased with aging in the group above the external inguinal ring, but not in the group below the external inguinal ring. From the above results, it was suggested that the cryptorchid testis would be undergone to the progressive degenerative histologic changes with aging, so our attention should be directed to early treatment at least before 2 years of age.

Clinical Observation on the Cryptorchism / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A clinical observation was made on 25 patients of cryptorchism who had been admitted to the Department of Urology, National Seoul Hospital during the 3 years period from January, 1979 to December, 1981. The following results were obtained: 1. The most frequent age group was seen at over 15 and average age was 11.2 years which means too late for requiring adequate treatment. 2. Orchiopexy was performed on 28 testis (84.9%), 4 cases were performed the orchiectomy because of atrophy or impossible placement to scrotum and histopathology revealed atrophic change, in all removed testes. 3 cases among them were proved to oligo-azoospermia by semen analysis. 3. The bilateral cryptorchisms were observed in 8 cases (32%)and inguinal type in 20 (60.6%), prepubic type in 6 (18.2%), intra-abdominal type in 4 (12.1%)and superficial inguinal type in 2 (6.1%) (12 cases in right and 5 cases in left). 4. Associated anomalies and complications were found in 11 cases (44%)and the most common anomalies were hernia, which was found in 4 cases (15.2%).

Histopathologic Observation on the Cryptorchism / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A histopathologic observation was made on 24 patients with cryptorchism admitted to the Department of Urology, Seoul Adventist Hospital during the periods from November 1981 to April 1983. The following results were obtained. 1. The age distribution was ranged from 2 to 28 years and 6 to 10 years of age group was the most commonly affected (9 cases, 37.5%). 2. The most common type of cryptorchidism was the inguinal type (14 cases, 58.3%). The bilateral cryptorchismswere observed in 6 cases and unilateral 18 cases, among them right in 12 cases, left in 6 Cases. 3. On the histopathologic findings of testicular biopsy in 24 cryptorchid testes; per{tubular fibrosis which began before puberty was noted the earliest finding and basement membrane of seminiferous tubules were significantly thickening during puberty. Leydig cells were increased during puberty and they became normal level after puberty but spermatogenesis were not completely observed through all the age group.

Histopathologic Observation on the Cryptorchism / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A histopathologic observation was made on 24 patients with cryptorchism admitted to the Department of Urology, Seoul Adventist Hospital during the periods from November 1981 to April 1983. The following results were obtained. 1. The age distribution was ranged from 2 to 28 years and 6 to 10 years of age group was the most commonly affected (9 cases, 37.5%). 2. The most common type of cryptorchidism was the inguinal type (14 cases, 58.3%). The bilateral cryptorchismswere observed in 6 cases and unilateral 18 cases, among them right in 12 cases, left in 6 Cases. 3. On the histopathologic findings of testicular biopsy in 24 cryptorchid testes; per{tubular fibrosis which began before puberty was noted the earliest finding and basement membrane of seminiferous tubules were significantly thickening during puberty. Leydig cells were increased during puberty and they became normal level after puberty but spermatogenesis were not completely observed through all the age group.

Clinical Observation on the Cryptorchism / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A clinical observation was made on 53 patients of cryptorchism who had been admitted to the Department of Urology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital during the period from January, 1980 to January, 1983. The following results were obtained: 1. Only 22 patients (41.5%) visited hospital in preschool age (7 years old) and 50 patients (94.3%) before the age of 25. 2. 44 patients (83%) had unilateral involvement and right side (56.6%) was more frequently affected. Bilaterally was noted in 9 patients (17%). 3. 59 testes were surgically explored, 2 cases were confirmed as monorchism. Of the 59 testes, 47 (79.7%) were located in the inguinal canal, 8 (13.6%) in the prepubic region and 2(3.4%) in the abdomen. 4. Among the 59 explorations, 50 cases (84.8%) were found .the hernial sac. Other complication and associated diseases were contralateral hydrocele, ventral curvature of penis, prosis, entropion, intestinal obstruction, triology of Fallot, acute glomerulonephritis and seminoma. 5. Orchiopexy was performed on 53 testes (93%), 4 cases were performed the orchiectomy because of testicular atrophy and excessive short spermatic cord.

Diagnostic Evaluation of Herniography in Cryptorchism / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Herniography is proved to be a valuable roentgenographic technique for delineating the configuration of almost all the peritoneal sacs and the position of most of the undescended testes, as well as most of the associated urologic anomalies. The authors applies this technique to thirty three boys with cryptorchism (39.4% bilateral) in this department during last 3 years and 6 months period from Jan. 1978 to June 1981. The results were as follows. 1) There were 40 open peritoneal sacs at operation, including 3 open sacs contralateral to unilateral cryptorchid testes. With the most accurate preoperative examination only 19 of these open sacs were noted (47.5%), while with herniography, 38 of the 40 were correctly identified (95.0%). 2) The position of the cryptorchid testes were accurately diagnosed by preoperative examination in 28 of the 45 instances (62.2%) With herniography we correctly located 33 testes (73.3%), despite the lack of an accompanying peritoneal sac with 8 cryptorchid testes (17.8%). 3) Associated anomalies and diseases were found in 24 instances of 33 boys, 2 of these 24 instances were discovered by the incidental pyelogram film of the herniogram to have upper urinary tract abnormalities, including one with ureteral stone and one with kidney malrotation. 4) Only 6 minor complications arose in 33 children as a result of this procedure, including 3 with abdominal injection, one with inadvertently needling of the colon, one with pain & sweating, one with transient fever. However, all of these were not troublesome for affected patients.

A Clinica1 Observation of Scrotal Disease / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Recently the scrotal diseases have been tended toward increment and take a important share in urologic disease entities. The reasons of them are thought for early reconstruction of the scrotal disease, increase of the diseases that need catheter indwelling and inclination of the scrotal injury by accident. Also up-to-date mass vasectomy have been performed for family planning, the scrotal complications have been increased. So authors report a clinical observation was made on 171 cases with scrotal disease who had been admitted to Department of Urology. E.W.U.H., Seoul, Korea, during the period from Apr. 1, 1976 through Mar. 1, 1981. The results were as follows; 1. Among 1025 cases of in-patients for past 5 years, 171 cases belong to scrotal disease giving a rate of 16.7%. 2. The most common population was 1-10 years of age giving a rate of 31.5%. 3. The most common disease was hydrocele giving a rate of 29.2%. The cryptorchism was 21%, epididymitis 15.8%, vasectomy complication 9.9%, scrotal injury 5%, sterility 4.7% and others 14.3%. 4. Of 171 cases, operation was performed in 152 cases (88.9%). 5. Most common operation was hydrocelectomy (27%), orchiopexy (19.1%), epididymectomy (9.9%) and incision and drainage (7.3%) in order.

A Case of Rt. Renal Agenesis Combined with Cryptorchism and Neuroblastoma

Congenital unilateral renal agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly. Furthermore, renal agenesis associated with neuroblastoma and cryptorchism is more rare in incidence. Recently we experieced a case of Rt. renal agenesis combined with cryptorchism and neuroblastoma. We diagnosed it with IVP and selective renal angiography and confirmed it with explolaparotomy and biopsy. We reviewed the literatures on renal agenesis, cryptorchism and neuroblastoma, and discussed possible embryological relationships between them and other combined congenital anomalies.

Fanconi's Anemia

We report 1 case of Fanconi's anemia which has severe pancytopenia, PDA, hypoplatic right thumb and cryptorchism with a brief review of related literature and references.

Clinical Observation on the Cryptorchism / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A Clinical observation was made on 52 patients of cryptorchism who had been admitted to the Department of Urology, Korea General Hospital during the 8 years period from June, 1972 to May, 1980. The following results were obtained : 1. Patients ranged in age from 2 to 36 years and only 19 cases (37. 3%) visited our hospital in the preschool age. 2. Bilateral cryptorchism was found in 9 cases (17.3%) and of the unilateral 43 cases, right in 19 cases, and left in 24 cases. 3. Of the 61 testes, 33 (51. 1%) were located in the inguinal canal, 13 (21.3%) in the subinguinal region and 8 (13. 1%) in the abdomen. 4. Associated diseases and complications were found in 47 cases (90. 5%) and the most common diseases were hernia, which was found in 39 cases (75. 0%). 5. Treatment consisted of preoperative HCG injection in the dosage of 5,000 to 12,000 I. U on 6 prepubertal cases and 57 orchiopexies (93.4%) and 4 orchiectomies (6. 6%).

Clinical Observation on lntrascrotally Impalpable Testis / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A clinical observation was made on 177 cases of intrascrotally impalpable testis seen in the Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital during the period from January. 1979. The following results were obtained: 1. Only 53 cases (29.9%) visited hospital in the preschool age and 165 cases(93.2%) before the age of 25. 2. ll4 cases (64.4%) had unilateral involvement and right site was more frequently affected. Bilaterality was noted in 63 cases (35.6%). 3. 237 testes were surgically explored and hernial sac was found in l91 explorations (80.6%). 4. Among 237 explorations, 4 cases were confirmed as monorchism and inguinal canal was the most frequent site of testicular retention (78.5%). 5. Chromosome study was done on 7 cases and all cases yielded 46 XY, cytogenetically normal male. 6. Semen analysis was performed on 20 postpuberal cases and all 13 cases of bilateral intrascrotally impalpable testis revealed azoospermia. In 7 cases of unilateral intrascrotally impalpable testis 3 cases were within normal limits and 4 cases showed oligospermia. 7. Surgical specimens were obtained from 29 cases and l case turned out to be seminoma. Pathologic findings of 28 cases excluding seminoma were evaluated on the basis of basement membrane thickening, peritubular fibrosis, Leydig cell hyperplasia and spermatogenic activity. 8. Treatment consisted of pre-or post-operative HCG injection in the dosage of 2,500 to l0,000 IU on 57 prepubeta1 or puberal cases and 217 orchiectomies (5.8%) and 2l7 orchiopexies (90.4%).

Seminoma of the Cryptorchism / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A case of seminoma of the cryptorchism, found in 34 years old Korean male is reported. In Campbell's series, the incidence of malignancy in cryptorchism is claimed to be 35 times greater than in the normally descended testicle. A case of seminoma of the cryptorchism is added to literature.